Looking down on the problem
If we look down on Derek’s problem from outside, we
can see that each day, Derek will respond to around
40 e‑mails.  On some days, it may be 30 and on some
50, but Derek’s average is around 40. We know that
the average number of e‑mails he responds to remains
stable because the number of e-mails in his in-box
never diminishes to 0 or increases to 100.  His 40 per
day maintains his in-box.
On Wednesday, some of those e‑mails he responds to
are from Monday and Tuesday, but the average
remains at 40 per day.  I’m never going to be able to
empty my in-box,” he laments.